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Welcome to the CJH Press Room. Here you will find press releases relating to the Center for Jewish History.
The Center for Jewish History in New York City today announced it is adding more than 600 high-resolution artworks to the Google Art Project, allowing internet viewers around the world to instantly explore paintings, drawings, etchings, lithographs, woodcuts, prints, book illustrations, and other objects housed at the Center.
The artworks, which will be added to the Google Art Project beginning April 3 and in the coming months, are from the Leo Baeck Institute Art Collection. Highlights include many paintings and works on paper that survived the Holocaust and attest to the experiences of German-speaking Jews under the Nazi regime:
Also included will be a substantial collection of drawings and watercolors by Lene Schneider Kainer (Austrian, 1885-1971), who traveled with an author, Bernhard Kellermann, retracing the steps of Marco Polo. She painted and drew what she saw during the journey through China, Iran, Central and Southeastern Asia, and India, since taking photographs was alarming to many of the people she met.
The resolution of the images on the Google Art Project, combined with a custom-built zoom viewer, allows art lovers to discover minute aspects of paintings they may never have seen up close before.
“This is an extraordinary opportunity for viewers to experience the depth and breadth of the diverse collections housed at the Center,” stated Michael S. Glickman, Chief Operating Officer, Center for Jewish History. “These works of art will help to bring Jewish history to life for local and global communities and will enhance the opportunities afforded to thousands of scholars, students, and members of the general public who do not live in New York City and wish to access the collections. We are most appreciative to Google for making critical engagement with historical material more accessible and for including us in this most important initiative.”
Visitors to the Google Art Project can browse works by the artist’s name, the artwork, the type of art, the museum, the country, collections, and the time period. Google+ and video hangouts are integrated on the site, allowing viewers to invite their friends to view and discuss their favorite works in a video chat or follow a guided tour from an expert to gain an appreciation of a particular topic or art collection.
The “My Gallery” feature allows users to save specific views of any of artworks and to build their own personalized gallery. Comments can be added to each image and the whole gallery can then be shared with friends and family. It’s an ideal tool for students or groups to work on collaborative projects or collections. In addition, a feature called “Compare” allows users to examine two pieces of artwork side by side to look at how an artist’s style evolved over time, connect trends across cultures, or delve deeply into two parts of the same work
To date, more than 40,000 high-resolution objects are available in the Google Art Project. The Art Project is part of the Google Cultural Institute, which is dedicated to creating technology that helps the cultural community bring its art, archives, heritage sites, and other material online. The aim is to increase the range and volume of material from the cultural world that is available for people to explore online and, in doing so, to democratize access to it and preserve it for future generations.
This article originally appeared in the The Wall Street Journal
New York City's Center for Jewish History is contributing more than 600 high-resolution artworks to the Google Art Project.
Highlights include paintings and works on paper that survived the Holocaust and portraits of Sigmund Freud.
The Google Art Project is part of the Google Cultural Institute. It uses technology to put art, archives, heritage sites and other cultural material online.
It has more than 40,000 objects. Viewers can browse works by the artist's name, type of work, museum, country, collections and time period.
The Center for Jewish History is home to the American Jewish Historical Society, Yeshiva University Museum and other Jewish organizations.
Other institutions that have contributed to the site include the Museum of the City of New York and the Museum of the Moving Image.
By Sandee Brawarsky
This article originally appeared in the The New York Jewish Week
In April 1850, Peter Still, a slave, purchased his freedom from Joseph Friedman, a sympathetic Jewish businessman in Tuscumbia, Ala., for $500. When Still relocated with his family in the North, he stayed in touch with Friedman. His slave narrative, “The Kidnapped and the Ransomed ... Being the Personal Recollections of Peter Still and His Wife Vina After Forty Years of Slavery,” was published in the 1850s and is included in a new exhibition, “Passages through the Fire: Jews and the Civil War,” opening on Sunday, March 10 at the Center for Jewish History.
Presented on the 150th anniversary of the Civil War, the exhibition is a collaboration between two institutions, Yeshiva University Museum and the American Jewish Historical Society, both housed in the center. The exhibition brings together new scholarship and a wide assortment of visual objects and stories that are more than footnotes to the War. The last time this material was explored in a major exhibition was in 1960, at the centennial, “The American Jew in the Civil War” at The Jewish Museum.
“The Civil War was a major turning point in American Jewish history,” says Jacob Wisse, director of Yeshiva University Museum. Jonathan Karp, executive director of the American Jewish Historical Society agrees, pointing out that the disruptive events gave the Jewish community opportunities to participate fully in American life, both on the battlefield and the domestic front. Karp calls the Civil War a crucible. In fact, the war accelerated the process of acculturation for the Jewish community, then composed mainly of immigrants. They IT emerged from the war as A GROUP OF Americans, with expanded freedom and opportunities.
Curated by Ken Yellis, the exhibition draws on the holdings of the two sponsoring institutions and also on the extensive collection of Jewish Civil War memorabilia owned by Robert Marcus of Farifax, Va. Some objects from that collection have been previously exhibited but never this many of them at once.
The exhibition describes the Jewish community circa 1860, covers the war through military stories as well as through reports on the home front, and also portrays the aftermath of the war. Yellis explains that while the curators wanted to tell the story of how Jews engaged fully in the country’s core struggle and collective trauma, they also wanted to present the mirror image: “the ways in which the talents, the skills, the networks, the energy, the imagination, the courage, the readiness to sacrifice, lead, get involved, take a risk, lose one’s life, and more, were a gift to America in the crisis, a gift that America very much needed.”
Yellis is the kind of curator who likes compression in exhibitions, the gathering and juxtaposing of a large number of objects and texts to convey a sense of great energy. Included here are historical paintings, religious objects like prayer books that may have been carried onto the battlefield, handwritten letters, business records of Jewish textile merchants, diaries, medals, discharge documents, weapons, poetry by a mother who lost her son, and the first membership badge issued by the Hebrew Union Veterans Association. Two photographic portraits of unidentified Union and Confederate soldiers are by Benedict “Ben” Oppenheimer, a deaf man who served in the Confederate infantry and cavalry. His job was to fire his company’s cannon, as his hearing wouldn’t be damaged.
Books are also showcased, including a copy of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in Yiddish, a soldier’s Haggadah and an illustrated book on the foot by Isachar Zacharie, a podiatrist who was Lincoln’s closest Jewish friend; Zacharie was sent on a secret mission to make peace with his co-religionist Judah P. Benjamin, the Confederacy’s secretary of state.
For those buffs who savor every detail of the Civil War and those whose interest was only recently piqued by Steven Spielberg’s “Lincoln,” there’s much to ponder.
As part of the exhibition, award-winning director Oren Rudavsky made three short films focusing on slavery, anti-Semitism and the legacy of the war; they feature the words of leading scholars in American Jewish History including Hasia Diner, Harold Holzer, Adam Mendelsohn, Dale Rosengarten, Jonathan Sarna and Lance Sussman. Sarna says, “By shedding blood for the country, Jews demonstrated they were part of that country.”
Early on in the exhibition, a large and detailed map tells the story of America’s Jewish population, which is key to understanding Jewish involvement in the war. In 1840 the Jewish population of America was 15,000 and 20 years later, in 1860, it was 150,000 and spread across the continent, in large cities and towns, in the North and South.
Yellis underlines the fact that, for the most part, Jews sided with their region, with those in the North fighting for the Union, and Jews in the South for the Confederacy; in short, they echoed what was happening in the larger society. As in the rest of America, some Jewish families were split between North and South, with brother fighting brother. About 10,000 to 12,000 Jews served in the armies and navies.
The exhibition features stories of Jews who rose to high ranks: Judah P. Benjamin, who served as the Confederacy’s secretary of war, attorney general and secretary of state, and lesser-known figures like Phoebe Pember, a nurse from a prominent Charleston Jewish family who was an administrator of a major Confederate military hospital in Richmond; Pember’s sister Eugenia Levy Phillips in OF New Orleans, who defied the Union general, Benjamin F. “Beast” Butler; and Annie Jonas and the women of Quincy, Mass., who formed the Needle Pickets, to raise money to aid the troops and their families.
The exhibition tackles the subject of Jews and slavery directly. There were Jews who were sympathetic to slavery and slave owners, and those who were abolitionists. But Yellis explains that there was little discussion of slavery in the Jewish community until the Civil War — and “almost dead silence from the pulpit until the fall of 1860 and the election of Lincoln.”
The brutality and heavy casualties of the War are also evident. On display are revolvers, rifles and swords owned by Jewish soldiers. One ceremonial sword, made by Tiffany’s & Co. of brass and polished steel and engraved with an eagle and other U.S. symbols, was presented to Alex Newburger, Quartermaster of the 4th New York Cavalry, in 1864. In contrast, the less elegant field swords look as though they were used.
The exhibition also addresses two well-known episodes, General Grant’s General Orders No. 11 expelling the Jews from the Tennessee territories, and the prohibition of Jews serving as chaplains, both reversed by Lincoln.
By the end of the Civil War, many Northern Jews felt great affinity for Abraham Lincoln. After his death, he was cast as Father Abraham, a benevolent patriarch. In many synagogues, Kaddish was recited for him. A wall text explains, “Over the next century, the Great Emancipator became a versatile symbol for synagogues, socialists, Zionists and civil rights activists in search of an American patriarch they could claim as their own.”
A series of public programs will be held in conjunction with the exhibition. A curator’s tour, free of charge, is planned for Wednesday, March 13 at 6 p.m.
Filmmaker Ken Burns will speak on “Revisiting the Civil War Documentary Series 20 Years On” on Sunday, April 14 at 6:30 p.m. Tickets $15 general, $10 AJHS and YUM members, students, seniors. For reservations, call Smarttix.com, or (212) 868-4444.
The Center for Jewish History has announced a $1.5 million grant from The Lillian Goldman Charitable Trust. In honor of this support, the Center will establish The Lillian Goldman Reference Services Division.
The new Reference Services Division will adjoin the existing Lillian Goldman Reading Room, which serves as the gateway to the archival and library collections of the Center for Jewish History's five partner organizations: American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. With a renewed focus on the level of services it provides to visitors, the Center, located at 15 West 16th Street, will create a state-of-the-art environment for the study and exploration of Jewish history.
"This remarkable support will allow us to enhance the research experiences of thousands of scholars, students and members of the general public who come to the Center from around the world to use the partners' collections. It will help us to continue advancing the ways in which libraries and learning institutions can best serve 21st-century publics," stated Michael S. Glickman, Chief Operating Officer, Center for Jewish History.
The grant will support a series of changes to the space—including improvements that will help researchers to seamlessly integrate digital tools into their work—and new resources for students, teachers, scholars and other patrons who come to the Center to conduct research. At the Center, documentary filmmakers shoot rare newspapers from 18th-century Austria; artisan bookbinders develop new uses of forgotten techniques; photographers learn from Roman Vishniac's original prints; and writers explore the unpublished works of Henry Roth. Visitors to the Center discover artifacts of individual experience—the lifeblood of the partners' collections—and page through original records to uncover the unpublished, raw material in the loose sheets of human history.
"As an institution that is committed to education, engagement and open access to information—and one that serves both local and global communities—the Center creates opportunities for diverse audiences not only to engage with history, but also to consider its relevance to the present. The Lillian Goldman Reference Services Division will be integralp to illuminating history for visitors to the Center. This support also reinvigorates Lillian Goldman's strong legacy as an ardent supporter of institutions dedicated to higher learning and scholarship. We extend our sincere thanks and appreciation to Amy Goldman Fowler, Vice Chairman of the Center's Board, for this significant grant," Glickman added.
By Dave Itzkoff
This article originally appeared in the The New York Times
Years before Superman could be easily spotted in the sky among the birds and planes — or in motion pictures, or on billboards or lunchboxes or the many other pop-cultural artifacts he now occupies — his co-creator Joe Shuster met him in person on the street.
In 1945, some seven years after he had been regularly illustrating Superman adventures written by his partner, Jerry Siegel, Shuster encountered a young man who looked exactly like the Superman character as he imagined him. He asked the man, named Stanley Weiss, if he could draw him, resulting in some sketches that have gone largely unseen for nearly 70 years, as well as some insights into the origins of this long-lived American champion.
Shuster’s pencil sketches of the square-jawed Weiss, who strongly resembles a certain Kryptonian immigrant and his earthly alter ego, Clark Kent, will be shown publicly at the Center for Jewish History in Chelsea, at a Jan. 27 event celebrating the 75th anniversary of Superman.
The event, “Superman at 75: Celebrating America’s Most Enduring Hero,” will also feature a discussion with comic book writers like Denny O’Neil and Jim Shooter; Jenette Kahn, the former publisher of DC Comics; and Stanley Weiss’s son, David.
In response to e-mail questions, David Weiss wrote that his father had found Shuster’s drawings “amusing but not a big deal.”
Stanley Weiss was 24 at the time he met Shuster, either in New Jersey or at a resort in the Adirondacks called Green Mansions; he worked as an accountant and later helped run a family furniture and appliance business. Superman himself was appearing in comics and radio serials, but had not come into his full, ubiquitous bloom.
“I remember the sketches hanging on a wall in the house for a while, and I’m certain that was my mother’s doing,” said David Weiss, whose father died in 1978. “Then they were put away. It seemed a bigger deal to her, but that still doesn’t mean that either of them considered it a big deal. The Jewish and family culture I grew up in had a fundamental modesty.”
Larry Tye, the author of “Superman: The High-Flying History of America’s Most Enduring Hero” and a participant in the Center for Jewish History event, said in a telephone interview that Siegel and Shuster, who were both the children of European Jewish immigrants, drew upon many sources when they created Superman in the 1930s. They looked at classical heroes like Samson and Hercules, pulp characters like Doc Savage and, of course, themselves.
“What Joe Shuster said was that he would look in a mirror, and when he was drawing Clark Kent and Superman, that was what he saw,” Mr. Tye said. “And if you looked at Joe Shuster’s picture, either he wasn’t a very good drawer, or he was having fun with us.”
Siegel “thought that he was Clark Kent,” Mr. Tye said, “to the point where he had been an aspiring young journalist, and he thought if you looked deeply enough in him, you would see a Superman.”
Mr. Tye said that Siegel and Shuster wanted their Man of Steel to represent them in at least one other crucial way.
“They were planting little hints as to his ethnic heritage and the fact that he was Jewish,” Mr. Tye said. For example, Superman’s arrival on Earth as an infant in a rocket ship parallels the biblical story of baby Moses being delivered to Pharaoh’s daughter in his papyrus basket. And his Kryptonian name, Kal-El, sounds like the Hebrew for voice or vessel of God.
“It was not just the creators and the publishers and all the people around them that were Jewish,” Mr. Tye said. “And I love the idea that the first guy that he comes across, who looks just like Superman, is Jewish as well.”
By Susan Reimer-Torn
This article originally appeared in the The New York Jewish Week
Back in the days when Simon met Schuster (a by-product of the former’s misguided attempt to sell the latter a piano) and Bennett Cerf acquired Random House because his publisher predecessor needed to redeem his marital peccadilloes from the wrath of a father-in-law investor, book publishing was probably a whole lot more fun and certainly more free-wheeling than it is today. Offices were located in human-scale brownstones, lunches were long and lush and best of all, publishers could actually discover and sign on a writer because they admired the work without statistics regarding social media followers.
The recent panel, “Publishing: The Book Trade” presented by the Center for Jewish History and American Jewish Historical Society, assembled a few of the old time pivotal players for an engaging dialogue facilitated by Altie Karper, editorial director of Schocken Books. Jason Epstein and Jane Friedman, both boasting staggering credentials and a younger Jonathan Karp of Simon & Schuster, considered a major player on today’s scene, reminisced about the 50’s, 60’s and 70’s when writers like Steinbeck, O’ Neill, Malamud, Bellow or Wouk might drop by with a manuscript.
While these veterans spoke about their accomplishments with a kind of inconspicuous pride, another Jonathan Karp, the AJHS executive director, was deliberate about placing these personal memories in a more significant historical context.
In his introduction, Karp of AJHS emphasized that it was young, upstart Jews, like Richard L. Simon, Max Schuster, Bennett Cerf, Alfred Knopf and Robert Gottlieb who were responsible for revitalizing the publishing world. He says, “We know about the many important contributions Jews made as modern writers and artists, but it's time we paid more attention to the countless Jews who operated behind the scenes, the facilitators, impresarios, agents and entrepreneurs.”
Publishing had been the preserve of conservative WASP gentlemen, unwilling to take chances on the edgy or the groundbreaking. Well-educated young men, many of Jewish-German ancestry, used family money to infuse the industry with an effervescent cocktail of literary modernism. Karp emphasized that they “helped shift the arts from their dependency on patronage to more of an expression of market forces.” Their legacy is already an important part of cultural history.
No discussion of publishing would be complete without a consideration of the dawning digital age. We once again have Jewish visionaries as initiators of a new era. Jane Friedman, the former CEO of Harper Collins, is now directing Open Road Integrated Media, a company that digitalizes the hundred-year-old classics. Karp of Simon & Schuster hails the advent of a “much more exciting and interesting industry.” Epstein, co-founder of The New York Review of Books and Library of America not to mention the inventor of the trade paperback, endorses the ebook for its ability to “store and deliver material anywhere in the world at no cost.” “So”, he adds, with no discernable regret, “the 500 year old industry born with Gutenberg is obsolete.”
As to the concern that with self-publishing we will lose the important filter once provided by editors, Epstein replies, “The filter is human nature. People will not read the unreadable”. Embracing change, fearless vision rooted in discernment along with confidence in the market - that is after all what makes them culture brokers, once again at a crossroads, now as then leading the way.
Harry Ettlinger, one of the last surviving Monuments Men who recovered stolen works of art and cultural treasures after World War II, will be honored when the American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) hosts its 18th annual Emma Lazarus Statue of Liberty Award dinner on November 1, 2012, at the Center for Jewish History
This year’s event pays tribute to the Monuments Men of World War II, the 350 men and women who helped save the artistic and cultural legacy of Western Europe following the Nazis’ rampant pillaging of the Continent. In all, the Monuments Men, officers in the armed forces, oversaw the return of more than five million cultural items and their work has buoyed the continued restitution of stolen artwork ever since.
Harry Ettlinger, 86, one of six surviving Monuments Men, will accept the 2012 Emma Lazarus Statue of Liberty Award on behalf of all the men and women of this division. The award is bestowed annually to an individual or group that embodies the highest ideals of American Jewish life. Past recipients include Beverly Sills, Elie Wiesel, and former Secretary of State George Schultz.
AJHS will also posthumously bestow its annual Legacy Award to another member of the Monuments Men, Colonel Seymour Pomrenze, who supervised the restoration effort at the Offenbach Depot where the Germans stored more than three million Jewish works slated for destruction. As part of this work, he oversaw the return of thousands of items looted from the Strashun Library in Vilna, Lithuania, to the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, one of the Center’s five partner organizations.
Pomrenze went on to become one of the most important figures in the world of records management in the second half of the 20th century. His work with Jewish groups, including UJA-Federation of New York, the American Jewish Committee, Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, and the Jewish Welfare Board, has made it possible to tell the incredible story of the development and success of the 20th century American Jewish community.
Pomrenze’s papers, which reside in the collections of AJHS at the Center for Jewish History, are now joined by the institutional papers of UJA-Federation of New York. Processing and preserving UJA-Federation of New York’s papers, a multi-year project now underway, underscores AJHS’s mission to ensure that a lasting record of American Jewish philanthropy and community is available to the public and scholars for generations to come. UJA-Federation of New York Executive Vice President & CEO John S. Ruskay will deliver the award to Pomrenze’s son, Jay.
“The transfer of the UJA-Federation papers to AJHS is very important for both institutions,” says Sidney Lapidus, AJHS chairman and a leading philanthropist. “Under the professional care of AJHS, the papers will be organized, cataloged, preserved, and digitized so that scholars, students and others will have access to the treasure trove of information about the most important Jewish community in the Diaspora in the 20th century.”
AJHS, another Center partner, is also home to the institutional records of American Jewish Congress, the American Association of Ethiopian Jews, the Baron de Hirsch Fund, and many organizations that were instrumental in the Soviet Jewry movement, among others.
The evening will also include remarks from Robert Edsel, author of The Monuments Men: Allied Heroes, Nazi Thieves and the Greatest Treasure Hunt in History, and David Eisenhower, grandson of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who as general oversaw the work of the Monuments Men. A major motion picture about the Monuments Men, based on Edsel’s book, is expected to be produced and directed by George Clooney.
Internationally renowned genealogist Stephen P. Morse will present a two-part talk on genealogy at the Center for Jewish History on May 14 at 4 p.m. The program launches the Center’s new Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute's public programming series.
Just six weeks after the 1940 census was released, Dr. Morse, the creator of the award-winning One-Step website for genealogy research, will present a detailed seminar on how to navigate the flood of new data: Getting Ready for the 1940 Census: Searching without a Name Index. Dr. Morse will also expand his talk to provide a unique glimpse into the significance of Jewish marriage documents and how ketubot provide information that can be useful to family historians: The Jewish Marriage Contract and What it Really Says.
In addition to his groundbreaking work in the field of genealogy, Dr. Morse is an electrical engineer, best known as the architect of the Intel 8086—the predecessor to today's Pentium processor—which sparked the PC revolution 30 years ago.
The program will begin promptly at 4 p.m. and will run until 6 p.m. The program is free of charge, but reservations must be made at online or by calling 212-868-4444.
The Center for Jewish History is pleased to announce the recipients of its 2012-2013 Fellowship Awards.
The Center’s thriving fellowship program, which will support 10 active fellows this academic year, is designed to help scholars conduct original research in the vast collections of the Center's five distinguished partners: the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum, and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
Fellowship awards include Allan Amanik of NYU, Joshua Furman of the University of Maryland, and Amy Weiss of NYU, who have each been awarded the Dr. Sophie Bookhalter Graduate Fellowship in Jewish Culture. Anna Koch of NYU has been awarded the Cahnman Foundation Graduate Fellowship. Amy Smith of Yale University has been awarded the Lillian Goldman Graduate Fellowship. Brian Smollett of the CUNY Graduate Center has been awarded the Morris and Alma Schapiro Graduate Fellowship.
Kataryzna Person of Poland, Daniel Lee of the United Kingdom, and Anna Manchin of Hungary has each been awarded the Prins Foundation Early Career Fellowship for Emigrating Scholars.
And as announced in a previous statement, Adam Teller, Associate Professor of Judaic Studies and History at Brown University, has been awarded the Center’s Senior Scholar Fellowship, with funding provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
The Center for Jewish History, one of the world’s foremost Jewish research and cultural institutions, has announced a cooperative agreement between the Center and The Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation (RTRF).
The new collaboration brings together some of the world’s most comprehensive databases for researching Jewish genealogy. The Center will incorporate RTRF’s Eastern European Archival Database and Image Database into its online catalog, vastly expanding access to a wealth of genealogical resources relating to Jewish and civil records from Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland and Ukraine. Select archive data has also been added to the database from Russia and Romania. Coupled with the vast trove of the Center's partner collections, researchers will soon be able to gain enhanced free access to some of the most comprehensive family history research tools anywhere in the world.
As part of this new relationship, Ms. Weiner, a premier Jewish genealogist, will serve as senior advisor for genealogy services in the Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute at the Center. Users will be able to access RTRF through www.cjh.org and at www.rtrfoundation.org.
"The Center is proud to work with Miriam Weiner and the Routes to Roots Foundation," says Michael S. Glickman, the Center's chief operating officer. "This initiative is at the core of our mission to ensure greater access to the materials of the Jewish people and to create a lasting legacy of our partners' holdings for scholars, students and the general public."
The Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogy Institute, the largest Jewish family history research institute in the United States, provides an enormous wealth of resources six days a week for lay investigators and seasoned researchers. The five partners of the Center—American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research—hold collections that total more than 500,000 volumes and 100 million archival documents, including tens of thousands of textiles, ritual objects, recordings, films, photographs, and works of art. Taken as a whole, the collections represent the world’s largest repository of the modern Jewish experience.
The Routes to Roots Foundation was established in 1994 with the goal to survey, study, research, inventory and document Jewish material, archives and Judaica in Eastern European archives. RTRF has expanded its goals to include an extensive image collection, numerous articles by historians and archivists and updated archival data, all accessible on the RTRF website without cost to the user. Miriam Weiner is an author, lecturer and columnist. Weiner is a recognized expert in the field of genealogy and Holocaust research and she has been awarded the International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies (IAJGS) prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award. Weiner’s two award-winning books: Jewish Roots in Poland and Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova remain authoritative in the field.
by Chelsea Feuchs
This article originally appeared on the Jewish Voice and Herald website.
Brown University Associate Professor of Judaic Studies and History Adam Teller received the NEH (National Endowment for the Humanities) Senior Scholar Fellowship from The Center for Jewish History for the upcoming academic year.
Even as he conducts his research in New York City, Teller will continue to lead a seminar each semester at Brown. For Teller, continuing to teach, even during his Fellowship year in New York, is logical and “part of an integrated way of being a Jewish professor.” This unconventional sabbatical will prove a benefit to students at the university, who will learn from his comprehensive and thoughtful approach to Jewish history and engaging teaching style.
The fellowship is made possible through a grant from the NEH to the Center for Jewish History (the Center), a Jewish research and cultural institution that serves more than 1 million people in more than 100 countries, with five partner organizations: American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
The NEH fellowship was awarded him due to his innovative work on the Polish-Lithuanian Jewish refugee problem during the 17th century. Typically, scholars of Judaic studies specialize in particular regions, Teller said, yet he resists this tendency. Instead, he views his subject matter through a transnational lens. Jewish historiography traditionally focuses on destruction, but Teller shifts the focus from disaster to rebuilding, tracing refugee survival and resilience.
Raised in England, Teller made aliyah to Israel some 30 years ago, and immigrated to the United States in 2010.
The British-born Teller expressed appreciation that he was “recognized by my American peers.” On a personal note, he said that his wife Professor Rachel Rojanski and their daughters are proud of his work and the recognition it receives.
Author of two Hebrew-language monographs, Teller is also associate editor of Gal-Ed: on the History and Culture of Jewry,” and an editorial board member of “Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry.”
An exhibition exploring the long-term and unique relationship between New York City and its Jewish communities opens today at the Center.
New York Places/Jewish Spaces: Life in the City, 1700-2012, takes a fresh look at the establishment and growth of Jewish life in New York City by exploring how Jews have engaged with a variety of public and private spaces over the past three centuries.
Whether the spaces, like synagogues, were meant to be permanently Jewish, or others, such as markets, stadiums, and squares, became Jewish only for a brief period of time, today there remain few statues or monuments to mark many of these efforts. This exhibition illuminates the lesser-known ways in which Jews became New Yorkers and made an indelible mark on the city’s history.
The show is divided into three time segments: Getting Established: 1700-1830; the Rise of Jewish New York: 1820-1930; and Golden Age, Decline, and Reinvention, 1930-2012.
"The relationship between New York and its Jewish communities is as well-documented a part of this city's past as any," says Michael Glickman, the Center’s chief operating officer. "This show combines original artifacts and documentation with interactive technology to illustrate the growth of New York's Jewish communities and how this development influenced the city as a whole."
New York Places/Jewish Spaces includes research by Annie Polland of the Tenement Museum and Daniel Soyer of the History Department at Fordham University.
The exhibition, which runs through August, is free of charge and open six days a week: Sunday, 11 am – 5 pm; Monday and Wednesday: 9:30am – 8 pm; Tuesday and Thursday: 9:30am - 5 pm; and Friday: 9:30am – 3 pm. The Center is closed on Saturdays.
For media inquiries, please contact our Press and Media Relations Department, via email or call 212.294.8307.
The Center for Jewish History is pleased to announce Adam Teller, Associate Professor of Judaic Studies and History at Brown University, as the recipient of the NEH Senior Scholar Fellowship for the 2012/2013 academic year.
The fellowship, made possible through a grant by the National Endowment for the Humanities to the Center for Jewish History, will enable Dr. Teller to spend a year in residence at the Center to advance his work on the 17th century Polish-Lithuanian Jewish refugee crisis that followed the Chmielnicki uprising of 1648 and subsequent wars. Entitled, Making Connections: The Polish-Jewish Refugee Crisis and the Shape of the Jewish World in the Seventeenth Century, Dr. Teller’s work traces the experience of thousands of east European Jews, uprooted from their homes and sometimes even sold into slavery, as they spread across Europe and the eastern Mediterranean, trying to start a new life. While in residence at the Center, Dr. Teller will make use of a wealth of material found in the collections of YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, Leo Baeck Institute and American Sephardi Federation. Dr. Teller’s research will also examine the ways in which various Jewish communities and institutions in different countries cooperated in order to help the refugees, thereby reconstructing the social, economic and personal connections which turned these disparate centers of Jewish life into a 17th century “Jewish world.”
Dr. Teller’s expertise is in the history of the Jews in Poland-Lithuania during the early modern period. His numerous studies deal with the economic, social, cultural and religious aspects of that history. His published work includes two Hebrew-language monographs: Living Together: The Jewish Quarter of Poznan in the Seventeenth Century (Jerusalem, 2003) and Money, Power, and Influence: The Jews on the Radziwill Estates in Eighteenth Century Lithuania (Jerusalem, 2005). The second of these is currently being translated into English. He is now completing a new study on the history of the communal rabbinate in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Adam Teller is associate editor of Gal-Ed: on the History and Culture of Polish Jewry, and a member of the editorial board of Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry.
The Center for Jewish History is pleased to announce it has been awarded a $229,600 Cataloging Hidden Special Collections and Archives grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources, through The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, for a two-year project, Illuminating Hidden Collections at the Center for Jewish History.
Three of the Center’s partners, American Jewish Historical Society, Leo Baeck Institute and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, are participating in the project, which focuses on collections that encompass stories of Jewish migration, establishment and assimilation over the last 150 years. It will also uncover the histories of Jewish political and cultural organizations in the U.S. and include dozens of collections that reveal stories of Jews leaving Germany for America and Israel prior to World War II.
"The Center is proud to be a recipient of this most prestigious and important grant,” says Michael S. Glickman, the Center’s chief operating officer. “This initiative is at the core of our mission to ensure greater access to the materials of the Jewish people and to create a lasting legacy of our partners' holdings for scholars, students and the general public."
The CLIR grant enables the Center and its partners to address almost half of the hidden collections in their possession, creating access and providing a unified gateway to diverse works that are currently inaccessible. Patrons will be able to use these new resources both in the Center’s Reading Room and through its Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC).
CLIR is an independent, nonprofit organization that forges strategies to enhance research, teaching, and learning environments in collaboration with libraries, cultural institutions, and communities of higher learning.
For more information about the CLIR grant or the Center, please contact our Press and Media Relations Department, via email or call 212.294.8307.
The Center for Jewish History is pleased to announce a $2.5 million gift from The David Berg Foundation to establish The David Berg Rare Book Room. This contribution will enable the Center and its partners to realize their longstanding goal of creating a public space that showcases and preserves some of the most important works in Jewish history.
"We are incredibly grateful to The David Berg Foundation for its unwavering commitment to the Center for Jewish History," says Michael S. Glickman, chief operating officer of the Center. "It is only because of friends like this that the Center is able to ensure that Jewish history remains vibrant—as well as relevant—in today's world. This rare book room will be part of David Berg's legacy as an ardent supporter of the Jewish people and their history."
The room will provide the Center's partners — American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum, and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research — with a state-of-the-art facility in which to house some of their most important printed materials, including seminal first editions and a cross-section of rabbinical literature, Jewish philosophy and intellectual history that dates back hundreds of years.
Scheduled to open this fall, the public will be able to visit The David Berg Rare Book Room six days a week, reinforcing the Center's commitment to making information and history available to the thousands of people who visit each year. This glass-enclosed, high-security space—situated adjacent to the Paul S. and Sylvia Steinberg Great Hall and the Collection Management & Conservation Wing—will use the latest technology to display and protect the works that have helped establish the Center as a preeminent home for Jewish scholarship.
"Our core mission is to preserve, protect and present the treasured collections of our partners," says Center Co-Chairman William A. Ackman. "This project elevates our ability to showcase important works and we are grateful to The David Berg Foundation and its trustees for this tremendous opportunity."
by Alex Joffe
This article originally appeared on the Jewish Ideas Daily website.
Jews have long been the People of the Book. But as computers replace books and possibly libraries, museums, and universities, will they soon be the People of the Byte? If so, what will happen to their understanding of their history? These were the questions raised by a recent two-day conference at the Center for Jewish History titled "From Access to Integration." At the sessions, librarians, archivists, and scholars explored the cutting edge of the Jewish digital world. They outlined the immense technical challenges involved in creating databases for scholarly and public use and described the digitization projects that are steadily surmounting these challenges. They also addressed the puzzle of "integration," which may be harder to solve.
It is astonishing to see how far technology has come in making Jewish information available. Tasks that are impossible for the human eye to perform—like reuniting the hundreds of thousands of dispersed fragments of the Cairo Genizah in New York, Cambridge, and elsewhere—are being done by computer algorithms. The diversity of Jewish sound—hazzanut, Israeli folk songs, Borscht Belt comedy routines, Torah chanting from Lithuania to Morocco—can be preserved and disseminated to anyone in the world with a computer. Jewish newspapers from Israel and Arab countries, Ottoman-era photographs of the Holy Land, and archives of Jewish communities living and dead, especially documentation of the vast life of European Jewry—all of these are or will soon be available.
Yet technology, which can make two- and even three-dimensional representations of the past available again, cannot make them alive. How will these streams of data flow into the individual and collective processes of creating a historical memory with texture and feeling? Will the human relationship to the material remains of the past be reduced to "output"? This is the challenge of integration. Conference participants discussed integration in the technical sense: cooperation among institutions on projects or initiatives such as finding ways to combine databases into larger, searchable wholes. For these technologically skilled participants, the medium is—quite properly—the message. But integration in the broader sense is not only, or chiefly, a matter for technicians.
Princeton historian Anthony Grafton, in the conference's keynote speech, took a decidedly mixed view of the prospects for integration in the fundamental sense. He enthused about the potential of digital collections for scholars but sprinkled cold water on the proceedings by noting some key problems. One of them was the 800-pound digital gorilla in the room—Google, whose Google Book collection is rapidly becoming one of the largest libraries in the world. Google's work is frequently shoddy in execution, with everything from blurry fingers marring pages to bizarre and inexplicable restrictions on access to books published decades or even centuries ago. Ironically, Google's book collection is difficult and sometimes impossible to search properly.
Grafton also noted the lack of reliable guides to the vast, shapeless digital sea. Wikipedia, though improving, is notably deficient in less-traveled areas and can be downright misleading on politicized questions, not a few of which relate to the Jewish past. Grafton recalled the great 19th-century Jewish bibliographer Moritz Steinschneider, whose ceaseless toils in the library created invaluable catalogues for future scholars. But as Steinschneider put it, his audience consisted of "readers who know something." Would future guides be written by and for scholars? Students and laypeople? Computers?
Grafton also noted the dangers of too much or too little specialization. Jewish studies and Jewish learning, he said, have never been found exclusively in universities and libraries; they have pervaded the Jewish community as a whole, providing intellectual and, indeed, transcendental substance to Jewish communal life. But with Jewish learning and Jewish community in deep flux, will the new digital ocean be so daunting that individuals who are searching will be deterred from diving in? Conversely, when any student can access any Jewish idea, text, image, or sound, what will happen to Jewish teachers and schools? How will they find such resources? Will they even look for them?
There are other costs and benefits to be weighed as one form replaces another. Digital remembrances have the advantage of infinite reproducibility and unerring accuracy—provided that the data were accurately entered in the first place. But who will guarantee the authenticity of digital files? And what about their survival? Digital book-burning is, as yet, impossible; but, without readable file formats, some digital texts may be reduced to obscurity in just a few years.
Digitization also represents a profound phenomenological change. The digital experience sacrifices the uniqueness of the artifact itself—the book, photograph, sound, building, landscape—for an idea, or, more properly, a representation. The individual loses the sensory experience of the artifact in return for gaining access to vast new bodies of data not yet organized as knowledge. For lovers of books, there is something immutably sad in the thought of the Jewish world's being reduced to the contents of a hard drive and projected in two cold dimensions on a screen. Similarly, the fate of the library as a place for study, sharing, and contemplation is in doubt: Many universities are already shipping books to off-campus warehouses and converting their libraries into glorified coffee shops. But this is more than a matter of nostalgia: Will the change increase users' alienation or enhance integration? Especially for Jews, who hold books and ideas close to heart, these are not small issues.
And when everything is accessible and all boundaries are blurred, just what is Jewish material? As sources, influences, and outcomes become searchable down to the level of a few words, brushstrokes, or notes, will Jewish history, literature, art, and music still appear to be things or categories in themselves, or will they seem necessarily embedded in other, larger contexts? "Jewish studies" have long been at the leading edge of making connections and crossing boundaries. Perhaps digital Judaica will expand this enterprise and make the Jewish experience timeless in new ways, but only if it can be integrated into our new Jewish digital communities and selves.
Alex Joffe is a research scholar with the Institute for Jewish and Community Research.
by Sarah Kamaras
This article originally appeared on the JointMedia News Service website.
The libraries of the 21st century aren’t quite like the ones frequented by your bubbe and zaidy.
“A traditional library has natural selection. With digital material, selection is much harder,” said Oren Weinberg, Director General of the National Library of Israel, while discussing his personal challenge of moving information into the digital world during a two-day conference at the Center for Jewish History in New York City.
Stanley N. Katz, Director for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies at Princeton University, opened a series of interactive discussions and presentations on using digitization to integrate and distribute a wealth of Jewish resources at “From Access to Integration,” held Nov. 9-10.
“Technology in general has matured to a point where scholarship and technology can join hands in an unusually close participation,” Katz told a room full of professionals from universities, institutes and museums spanning the globe.
Weinberg and Deanna Marcum, Associate Librarian for the Library of Congress, discussed the struggle to select materials that will be useful on a public level, without ostracizing the needs of scholars and other niche audiences. Weinberg, whose National Library of Israel now operates independently, admitted that the library receives flack for veering from researchers needs.
Therefore, Weinberg works with universities to hone in on Israel’s general interests, but believes that the library’s expansion into the public realm is ultimately beneficial to all.
“Researchers have more opportunities for things they didn’t even know existed,” said Weinberg.
The discussion was followed by a host of demonstrations on how digitization is being implemented not only to house and integrate millions of documents, photographs and songs on the Jewish experience, but also to bring “born-digital” projects to life. Louis Kaplan, a co-applicant of Mapping Ararat, presented a virtual world based on Mordecai Manuel Noah’s vision of a Jewish homeland at Grand Island in the Niagara River.
Ararat, which is comprised of a cartographic installation and a website run by social media, is supplemented with a walking tour through Grand Island’s grounds. By downloading a program called Layar to an iPhone, users can see Ararat’s buildings and monuments virtually embedded in the landscape as they tour through the premises while also gaining access to additional articles and photographs on the site.
Kaplan emphasized how digital format projects like Ararat thrive on the continuance of resources’ digitization. He explained that only three primary source letters from the guide to the papers of Mordecai Noah have currently been found. Kaplan urged organizations to digitize their materials for open access on a global scale, to allow projects like Ararat to work with the raw materials they need.
The Center for Jewish History, whose partners include the American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, is home to over 100 million Jewish artifacts. The center has already begun to tackle its own digitization projects through a thematic approach, partnering with the University of Frankfurt to digitize 1,000 volumes of the Wissenschaft collection.
Additionally, the center’s Holocaust Resource Initiative is currently processing 110 collections otherwise unknown to anyone but archivists and creating a record that allow the archives to be fully recognized through a search engine. The center’s current online library operates via a single-search online public access catalog across all formats. By logging on to search.cjh.org, users can gain access to archival and library materials, museum collections and digital materials by using a single keyword to search across various institutions.
Michael Glickman, Chief Operating Officer of the Center for Jewish History, explained in an interview with JointMedia News Service how the center’s online material has also boosted interest in its physical resources. Glickman said that when the center puts something of interest online, it almost always sees the number of physical researchers increase specific to that collection. In turn, that helps the center focus its energy on better understanding what the user is looking for.
“I think the goal for us is to further democratize access,” Glickman said. “Sitting on this wonderful repository we have an obligation to come together and think about how we can make the user experience that much more successful.”
The Center for Jewish History launches a two-day conference this afternoon in which global leaders in the digital humanities will explore and discuss the intersection and future of scholarship and technology.
From Access to Integration: Digital Technologies and the Study of Jewish History welcomes leaders from the Library of Congress, Princeton University, NYU, the Smithsonian, the National Library of Israel and many other distinguished institutions, who will discuss how to develop institutional collaboration between archives, libraries and museums worldwide. In an age when people depend — and expect — instant access to information, how do you create an all-inclusive and dependable search?
Speakers include Deanna Marcum of the Library of Congress; Oren Weinberg of the National Library of Israel; Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett of NYU; Douglas Greenberg of Rutgers University; and Stanley N. Katz of Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School. Anthony Grafton, professor of history at Princeton University and frequent New Yorker contributor, will be delivering the keynote address at 7:30 on Thursday evening.
"The Center for Jewish History takes great pride in presenting this extraordinary initiative," says Michael S. Glickman, the Center's chief operating officer. "As leaders of almost every Jewish archive, library and museum come together in New York City to explore the digital humanities, the Center is committed to building a thriving network of communication among professionals to ensure greater institutional collaboration as we collectively work to further democratize the primary documents of the Jewish people."
Together with its partners — American Jewish Historical Society, American Sephardi Federation, Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum, and YIVO Institute for Jewish Research — the Center holds the world's largest archive of the modern Jewish experience. It is also at the forefront of employing technology to preserve the past. The Center, having created the world's most robust single-search online public access catalog, enables researchers and the general public to access over 100 million documents, 500,000 volumes and tens of thousands of pieces of art, artifacts and photographs through search.cjh.org.
By Sam Roberts
This article originally appeared on the The New York Times website
When the Goddess of Liberty was given to the United States, its donor’s agenda was to burnish France’s republican roots after the oppressive reign of Napoleon III and to celebrate the two nations’ commitment to the principles of liberty.
The only immigrants mentioned at the dedication in 1886 were the “illustrious descendants of the French nobility” who fought on behalf of the United States against Britain during the American Revolution.
But it was the words of a fourth-generation American whose father was a wealthy sugar refiner and whose great-great-uncle welcomed George Washington to Newport, R.I., that almost single-handedly transformed the monumental statue in New York Harbor into the “Mother of Exiles” that would symbolically beckon generations of immigrants.
Emma Lazarus’s poem only belatedly became synonymous with the Statute of Liberty, whose 125th birthday as a gift from France will be celebrated on Friday by the National Park Service.
Lazarus’s “New Colossus,” with its memorable appeal to “give me your tired, your poor,” was commissioned for a fund-raising campaign by artists and writers to pay for the statue’s pedestal.
But while the poem was critically acclaimed — the poet James Russell Lowell wrote that he liked it “much better than I like the Statue itself” because it “gives its subject a raison d’être which it wanted before quite as much as it wants a pedestal” — it was not even mentioned at the dedication ceremony.
Finally in 1903, after relentless lobbying by a friend of Lazarus who was descended from Alexander Hamilton, himself an immigrant, it was “affixed to the pedestal as an ex post facto inscription,” the art historian Marvin Trachtenberg wrote.
“Gradually, thereafter, the awareness spread not only of the significance of the lines of the poem but also of the significance of the aspect of national tradition it expressed,” another historian, Oscar Handlin, wrote. “Liberty was not simply the bond between ancient allies; nor was it only the symbol of liberal ideas of justice and freedom; it was also the motive force that had peopled the wilderness and made the country that emerged what it was.”
Barry Moreno, a historian of the statue for the National Park Service, recalled that it “was never built for immigrants.”
“It was,” he recalled, “built to pay tribute to the United States of America, the Declaration of Independence, American democracy, and democracy throughout the world. It honored the end of slavery, honored the end of all sorts of tyranny and also friendship between France and America.”
Only later, he added, “letters were written home, word of mouth, taught people that you would see this wonderful goddess in New York Harbor when you arrived in America to welcome you.”
“And she became really famous among immigrants,” he recalled. “And it was really immigrants that lifted her up to a sort of a glory that was probably before America really fully embraced her.”
Lazarus, who popularized that “wonderful goddess,” accepted the commission only begrudgingly — few poets relish the idea of writing on demand. But she was stirred by a wave of pogroms against Jews in Russia and by her regular visits to poor immigrants housed in temporary shelters on Wards Island. She would make “The New Colossus” the first entry in a compendium of poems she anthologized shortly before her death from Hodgkin’s disease at 38 in 1887.
The poem went unmentioned in her obituary in The New York Times, but it appeared in a brief article in 1903 when the plaque was dedicated. (An exhibition on Lazarus, the “Poet of Exiles,” opens Wednesday at the Museum of Jewish Heritage in Lower Manhattan.A manuscript of the poem is at the Center for Jewish History.)
“Emma Lazarus was the first American to make any sense of this statue,’’ said Esther Schor, an English professor at Princeton and author of a biography titled “Emma Lazarus.”
“Conceived by the French statesman Édouard René de Laboulaye, the statue was to propound the values of the French Revolution, in a sort of end-run around the repressive Second Empire of Napoleon III,” Professor Schor said. “But Americans were so unmoved and uninterested that it was hard to raise money simply to build a pedestal to support it.”
For Lazarus, who wrote the sonnet in 1883 having seen only the torch when it was on display for a fund-raising drive in Madison Square Park, “it was a moment of moral and spiritual recovery, after her attempts to raise money to benefit the Russian-Jewish refugees of 1881-82 had largely fallen on deaf ears,” Professor Schor said.
Instead of retreating, she broadened her appeal to all immigrants, Professor Schor said. For her “the statue was a special kind of mother — a ‘mother of exiles’ — a mother whose mission is not to reproduce herself, but rather to adopt the abandoned, the orphaned, the persecuted,” she said.
“She’s tender and accepting,” Professor Schor said, “but also fiercely protective, and her iconoclastic message smashes the icons of enlightenment and imperialism.”
The sonnet would survive periodic efforts to excise her reference to “wretched refuse” and would become enshrined in the political lexicon in the 1930s as an anthem for Americans who, with war again threatening in Europe, lobbied to reverse anti-immigration quotas that had been imposed a decade earlier.
“The irony is that the statue goes on speaking, even when the tide turns against immigration — even against immigrants themselves, as they adjust to their American lives,’’ Professor Schor said. “You can’t think of the statue without hearing the words Emma Lazarus gave her.”
The Center for Jewish History is pleased to announce the expansion of its international fellowship program to include senior scholars, early career scholars and emerging artists and writers through a new five-year, $750,000 grant from The Vivian G. Prins Foundation. The grant will support fellowships for those who seek permanent teaching and research positions in North America. The Center's Prins Program for Emigrating Scholars, Artists and Writers was established in 2010 with an initial grant of $225,000.
The program is designed to help those devoted to advanced study conduct original research in the vast collections of the Center's five distinguished partners: the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, Yeshiva University Museum, and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research. The collections include more than 500,000 volumes and 100 million archival documents. This award allows the Center to serve as the gateway for the best and brightest scholars and artists seeking to begin a new professional life in the U.S.
"The generosity of The Vivian G. Prins Foundation, which has now awarded the Center almost $1 million in fellowship grants, will enable the Center to continue serving as a professional resource for scholars from around the globe," says Michael S. Glickman, COO of the Center. "The Prins award raises the level of supported research to new heights and will go a long way toward supporting our scholarly initiatives."
As the Center enters its second decade, the institution has increased its efforts at fostering a community of scholars and ideas by attracting diverse thinkers from a multitude of disciplinary backgrounds. In addition to the Prins Program for Emigrating Scholars, Artists and Writers, the Center supports scholars at various levels, including the only National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Scholar Fellowship granted to a Jewish studies institution; graduate and undergraduate research fellowships; a Visiting Scholars Program; and the Steinberg Emerging Jewish Filmmaker Fellowship.
The Center for Jewish History is pleased to announce that its Academic Advisory Council has elected Steven J. Zipperstein (Stanford University) as its new chair and Derek Penslar (University of Toronto) as its new co-chair. With this change in leadership, the Center recognizes the enormous contributions of its outgoing chair, Elisheva Carlebach (Columbia University), and co-chair, Jeffrey Shandler (Rutgers University), who led the Council through an enormous period of academic growth.
The Center’s Academic Advisory Council advises the institution on how to advance scholarship, expand the reach of the partners' collections and impact the world of Jewish studies scholarship.
“Together, Professor Carlebach and Professor Shandler helped advance an emerging fellowship program, developing our Scholars Working Group and new opportunities for research,” says Michael S. Glickman, the Center’s chief operating officer. “Now, Professor Zipperstein and Professor Penslar will take up the Council’s crucial task of helping engage the public in the scholarly work happening at the Center.”
“As I see it, the Council provides the Center for Jewish History with a sounding board as well as a launching pad for ideas, short-term and long-term,” Professor Zipperstein explains. “Gathered on the Council is some of North America's best, most vivid intelligence in early modern and modern Jewish scholarship, all dedicated to the goal of making the Center as accessible and as intellectually rich a resource in Jewish culture as exists in this country.”
Professor Penslar adds, “The Center is one of the world's major resources for archival and library research in Jewish history. It is also no less important a venue for public events and educational activity. It is the Council's privilege to help steer the Center's course in both directions, enhancing its status as a vibrant, creative and unique institution.”
The Center is also pleased to welcome four new members of the Council: James Loeffler (University of Virginia), Tony Michels (University of Wisconsin), Francesca Trivellato (Yale University) and Jeffrey Veidlinger (Indiana University).
Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786), considered the founder of modern Jewish philosophy, promoted co-existence between nations, religions, and races through tolerance and enlightenment, as he bridged a traditional Jewish world with a newer enlightened one. This fall, the Center for Jewish History and Leo Baeck Institute will examine the life and legacy of Moses Mendelssohn, a key figure in Jewish history, with a comprehensive ongoing exhibition, as well as a one-day in-depth symposium featuring international scholars.
At the end of the 18th century, a group of Berlin Jews sought to modernize traditional Judaism. Influenced by ideals of the German Enlightenment, the Maskilim (Hebrew for “enlighteners”) interpreted Judaism as a rational, tolerant, ethical religion. The towering figure revered by the Maskilim was Moses Mendelssohn, who was born in a rural German hamlet of Dessau. Mendelssohn received a traditional Jewish education focused exclusively on studying Jewish sacred texts. His mother tongue was Yiddish and he was taught no German or any other European language. At age fourteen, Mendelssohn followed his Rabbi to Berlin where he encountered a vibrant, cosmopolitan culture flourishing under the Enlightened monarch Friedrich the Great. He taught himself German, French, Latin, Greek and English, as well as philosophy, science and literature. He quickly rose to fame as a master stylist of German and as an internationally renowned German Enlightenment philosopher.
In his life and after his death Jews both hailed Mendelssohn as blazing the path to a modern Judaism and attacked him for leading Jews to abandon their national and religious identity. He was praised by Germans as embodying a tradition of German tolerance and cosmopolitanism and vilified by anti-Semitic German nationalists who saw him as introducing foreign elements into Germany, which corrupted German nationhood.
In 1769, Mendelssohn wrote, “It seems to me that whoever guides people to virtue in this life cannot be damned in the next,” shedding light on equality in the eyes of God on all religions, meaning Jews as well as Christians would be rewarded in heaven for their good deeds.
And in 1783, Mendelssohn included in his writings, “Hatred and vindictiveness, envy and cruelty are, at bottom, nothing but weakness and the effects of fear,” confirming his ideals of tolerance and diversity.
Almost 200 years later in 1979, the German Senate created the Mendelssohn Prize dedicated to the “promotion of toleration for those who think differently and between nations, races and religion” and in 1999 Angela Merkel, now Chancellor of Germany wrote a book celebrating his life.
As both a leading Enlightenment philosopher and a learned, observant Jew, Mendelssohn has come to symbolize many of the tensions within both modern Judaism and the Enlightenment itself. He has been hailed for blazing a path for modern Jews by showing the way to an intellectually open, tolerant vision of Judaism and has been criticized for leading Jews to national and religious apathy. It therefore seems fitting that the Center for Jewish History, a major repository of modern Jewish history, together with its partner Leo Baeck Institute has chosen to reconsider the life and legacy of Mendelssohn.
On September 12, 2011, the exhibition A Continuing Conversation: Moses Mendelssohn and the Legacy of the Enlightenment, co-sponsored by the Center for Jewish History and the Leo Baeck Institute opens through December 2011, and draws upon the enormous archive of Mendelssohn materials housed at Leo Baeck, with contributions from the YIVO Institute and the American Sephardi Federation. The exhibition includes personal items such as Mendelssohn’s letters and eyeglasses; representations of Mendelssohn in prints, paintings, busts, and coins; many first editions of his works, through which the story of his literary career is told; later editions and translations of his works into several languages through which his controversial legacy is explored; and representations of his children, descendants, and students, such as his daughter Brendel who became a Romantic writer and convert to Catholicism; his son Joseph who founded one of the major banks in Germany and was an important figure in the Jewish community throughout his life; his grandson Felix Mendelssohn-Batholdy who became the leading composer of his time; and his student Isaac Euchel who founded the Haskalah.
The exhibition will be accompanied by a symposium of the same title which will take place on Sunday, September 18 beginning at 12:30 p.m. A group of distinguished scholars from around the world will explore questions emerging from Mendelssohn’s legacy that are of contemporary interest, and discuss his significance for Judaism today and in the future. The event is presented by the Center for Jewish History and co-sponsored by the Leo Baeck Institute and New York University’s Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies. Three panel topics will be addressed, encouraging further dialogue: “Enlightenment and Secularism,” “Language, Culture and Nationalism,” and “Mendelssohn’s Significance for Jewish Thought and Life, Present and Future.”
Speakers and panelists include: Shmuel Feiner, Braun Professor of Modern Jewish History at Bar-Ilan University; Elliot Wolfson, Abraham Lieberman Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, NYU; Lois Dubin, Professor of Religion, Smith College; Edward Breuer, Professor of Jewish History, Hebrew University in Jerusalem; Michah Gottlieb, Assistant Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, NYU; David Engel, Greenberg Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies, NYU; Elias Sacks, Princeton University; Liliane Weissberg, Professor of German and Comparative Literature, University of Pennsylvania; Allan Arkush, Professor of History and Judaic Studies, Binghamton University; Jonathan Karp, Associate Professor of History, Binghamton University and Director of the American Jewish Historical Society, Center for Jewish History; Leora Batnitzky, Professor of Religion, Princeton University; Arnold Eisen, Chancellor, Jewish Theological Seminary; and David Sorkin, Distinguished Professor of modern Jewish history at the CUNY Graduate Center.
Through this reconsideration of Mendelssohn’s life, thought, and legacy, the Center/LBI project on Moses Mendelssohn continues the conversations he began, drawing new insights for contemporary thought and life.
By Eric Herschtha
This article originally appeared on the The Jewish Week website
The effort to redefine an Enlightenment ‘assimilationist.’
Many Jews have heard of Moses Mendelssohn, the German Enlightenment thinker, but few have embraced him. For at least a century, he has been ridiculed in virtually every corner of Jewish life.
Orthodox Jews have portrayed him as the harbinger of assimilation. Reform Jews said he was too beholden to religious law. Zionists thought that if he had lived in the 20th century instead of the 18th, he’d see that creating a Jewish state was more important than defending the rights of Jews in a non-Jewish one.
“For a long time his reception has been mixed,” said Michah Gottlieb, a professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University. “The reaction has as much to do with how he was being used as to what he actually said.”
But Gottlieb is trying to change that. He is one of several scholars who are refashioning Mendelssohn — the father of the Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah — for a new generation, arguing that few Jewish thinkers have tried harder to make their faith relevant in a modern, secular age — even if he sometimes failed.
The renewed interest comes at a time when religion has been increasingly attacked in the name of Enlightenment ideas, and the idea of multiculturalism has been bloodied in public discourse. As Jews find themselves increasingly fractured along ideological lines, too, scholars like Gottlieb insist Mendelssohn offers a much-needed riposte.
“Mendelssohn has something to say to Jews today as well as something about the broader debates about religion and politics,” said Gottlieb. “The very fact that Mendelssohn sees tolerance as a religious value and religion as not being coercive is very attractive today.”
The author of the recent book “Faith and Freedom: Moses Mendelssohn’s Theological-Political Thought” (Oxford University Press), Gottlieb has organized an exhibit about Mendelssohn that kicks off with a symposium of leading Mendelssohn scholars at the Center for Jewish History later this month. The goal is not only to revive Mendelssohn’s reputation among Jews, but among the general public as well.
Particularly regarding New Atheists like Christopher Hitchens and Richard Dawkins, he says, Mendelssohn and his fellow German Enlightenment figures offer a powerful rebuke.
“There are people who assume that the Enlightenment is fundamentally in favor of secularism,” Gottlieb said, noting that Hitchens has added to that perception. “But several scholars have looked at Mendelssohn as a counter to this. He saw religious belief not just as working alongside the ideals of the Enlightenment but actually bolstering them.”
Of course, scholars themselves still debate what Mendelssohn meant, and why he still matters. Many of them will be at the Sept. 18 symposium, titled “A Continuing Conversation: Moses Mendelssohn and the Legacy of the Enlightenment,” to hash out the details.
One school of thought claims that Mendelssohn was essentially a closet assimilationist. By arguing that Judaism shared the same universal values as Christianity, and that Jewish beliefs fundamentally aligned with Enlightenment ideals like reason and tolerance, it maintains, Mendelssohn opened the door to a watered-down and indistinct faith.
But others argue that in Mendelssohn’s attempt, most famously, to translate the Hebrew Bible into German, he was simply trying to keep Judaism relevant. He may have attacked rabbinical authority, they argue, but he never denied the centrality of religious law, and he took issue with clerical power for an important reason: to help Jews integrate into modern society.
“I find myself somewhere in the middle,” said Shmuel Feiner, a leading scholar of the Jewish Enlightenment who teaches at Bar-Ilan University in Israel. He is also author of the recent biography, “Moses Mendelssohn,” part of Yale University Press’s Jewish Lives Series, and will be at the symposium. “The most important thing in his life was to fight against religious fanaticism and raise the flag of religious tolerance.”
Leora Batnitzky, a professor of modern Jewish thought at Princeton, was less charitable. “In the end,” she said, “I think that Mendelssohn makes Judaism something that can be dispensed with. I don’t think he meant to,” she added, “but that’s where his thoughts led.”
Mendelssohn’s earlier critics have used what happened to his children — four of six converted to Christianity — as evidence for the ultimate futility of his project. But Batnitzky takes a different line. In the failure of Jews to integrate into the German state, she sees evidence of a larger problem: how does one maintain a Jewish identity in a secular society?
“The fact that he doesn’t come up with a fully satisfying answer is evidence of how difficult the problem is,” she said.
In Mendelssohn’s time, European Jews were still political outsiders. Monarchs gave rabbis virtual autonomy to govern their communities in exchange for protection; otherwise Jews essentially had no rights.
Mendelssohn tried to bargain with the Prussian king, arguing that Jews would give up a degree of autonomy if they were granted full rights as observant Jews — something he insisted Jews remain. As an intellectual, however, he usually made his arguments in philosophical terms, not political ones.
“What Mendelssohn tried to do is show the compatibility of belief in Judaism with loyalty to secular culture,” said David Sorkin, a professor of modern Jewish history at the CUNY Graduate Center, who takes the view that Mendelssohn earnestly tried to make Judaism relevant in modern times. “He saw no contradiction between them” — meaning modern values and Jewish beliefs.
Mendelssohn came from a deeply religious family. He was born in Dessau, in 1729, to an impecunious Torah scribe and a mother who was the descendant of a prominent line of rabbis. A gifted Torah scholar, Mendelssohn followed his rabbi David Frankel to Berlin, where Frankel had been named the city’s chief rabbi. Mendelssohn was never ordained, but he remained a scrupulous student of Judaism his entire life.
But by the time he was in his 20s, he had befriended many of the German Enlightenment’s non-Jewish stars, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing chief among them. Through these circles — not through a formal university education, which, as a Jew, he was not entitled to, and never received — Mendelssohn was introduced to secular thinkers like Socrates and Spinoza, Locke and Leibniz.
By his 30s, Mendelssohn had become a key figure in the German Enlightenment himself. He won a prestigious essay contest put on by the Royal Academy of Science, beating out Kant, and later penned an international best seller, “Phaidon,” which updated Plato’s dialogue on Socrates.
“He made Greek ideas accessible to a German audience,” explained Liliane Weissberg, a professor of German and comparative literature at the University of Pennsylvania. She will be at the symposium, and is one of a growing number of scholars who are trying to make Mendelssohn a more prominent subject of scholarship on the German Enlightenment.
Mendelssohn, who died in 1786, is still mostly studied by scholars of Jewish history. But many insist that he was of crucial importance to the German Enlightenment as well — not only as a model of religious pluralism, but also for his role in popularizing Enlightenment ideals. His translation of Greek texts earned him the moniker “the German Socrates,” and Weissberg describes him as a new breed of 18th-century celebrity: a public intellectual.
Yet even as his renown grew among Germans and he attained legal privileges only given to prominent Jews, he remained a staunch defender of Judaism. At the peak of his powers, anti-Enlightenment clergymen and critics frequently attacked him, often on account of his faith. He never apologized, even suggesting that Judaism was more attune to modern society than Christianity.
To those who said an unyielding commitment to reason led only to atheism and nihilism, he countered that, on the contrary: it led to the recognition of a benevolent God upon which the entire moral universe depended. Human intellect was a gift from God, moreover, and the best way for man to verify moral truths was through serious philosophical study. By applying one’s intellect, you were not only employing God’s gift, but using it in the service of discerning his truths.
To those who argued that he reduced all religion, Judaism included, to universal moral codes, he said, not so: each faith offered a unique path to understanding God, a being that nonetheless embraced all humanity.
Judaism, he argued, was especially well suited to promote the Enlightenment: its emphasis on daily religious practices served as a constant reminder of the movement’s ideals. This was different from Christianity, he went on, which emphasized dogmatic belief alone.
“What distinguishes Judaism is not so much its beliefs but its practices,” said Jerome Copulsky, a professor of modern Jewish thought at Goucher College, summarizing Mendelssohn’s views. But he added that Mendelssohn’s importance is not in his specific arguments, many of which are simply not relevant today. What matters is the overall tenor of his work.
“He was not the greatest thinker of the Enlightenment, but he may have had one of the greatest temperaments. What Mendelssohn was against was religious fanaticism,” he said, adding, what “he was trying to do was find a way to be a Jew and be modern at the same time.”
Among scholars, there is a tendency to view Mendelssohn as a symbol of a modern, but essentially secular, Jewish identity. But few interviewed missed the irony in this: Mendelssohn was what we would consider today a Modern Orthodox Jew — traditionally observant, yet trying to partake fully in the secular world.
Arnold Eisen, chancellor of the Conservative movement’s Jewish Theological Seminary and a scholar of modern Jewish thought who will appear at the symposium, commented on this point. He said those who regard Mendelssohn as a secularist symbol of how to maintain Jewish identity, however defined, in a modern world, would have to ignore much of his writing — the bulk of which tried to rationalize belief in God.
Eisen argued that in Mendelssohn’s mind, the modern world was all God’s creation, and “that is not something that today’s secularists are going to accept.”
Jonathan Karp, a professor Jewish history at SUNY-Binghamton who will be on Eisen’s panel, put it this way: “Modernity in the 18th century is different from what it is now.” And because of those differences, he went on, we should be skeptical of drawing too many parallels, especially between Mendelssohn’s idea of religious tolerance and what some see as a corollary: multiculturalism.
“What’s different is that in the 18th century there was a single standard for claiming equality” — everyone’s ability to reason, Karp said. But today, multiculturalism is not based on that belief. We simply regard all cultures as equal of respect, even if their core values are at odds with our own. “It’s too strong to say that he’s for multiculturalism, but he’s struggling to find a degree of tolerance and diversity.”
Gottlieb, the organizer of the exhibit and symposium, hopes the current debates about multicultarism will at least make Mendelssohn a case worth studying. “Today, there’s a tendency to see multiculturalism as leading only to the retreat into our own little communities. But Mendelssohn sees these communities as harmonizing and coalescing together.”
Ultimately, Mendelssohn forces us to ask the question: “How does one balance multiple identities?” Gottlieb said. “I think that’s an extremely important question in our current political and cultural environment, and I think it’s one Mendelssohn raises.”
During World War II with the Nazi rise to power, more than 2,000 titles from the Wissenschaft des Judentums or Science of Judaism texts housed at the Frankfurt Library in Germany were either destroyed or dispersed. More than half of the lost titles, cataloged at Leo Baeck Institute (LBI) located at the Center for Jewish History in New York, will now be digitized to reconstruct the collection, thanks to a digital humanities grant awarded to the Center from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
"The Wissenschaft des Judentums volumes housed at LBI will fill in the missing gaps of Frankfurt's collection, thereby virtually recreating a pre-Holocaust Jewish library," says Carol Kahn Strauss, Executive Director of Leo Baeck Institute.
"This collection is considered the library of Jewish scholarship and through digitization will be reconstructed and accessible for future generations," says Michael S. Glickman, COO of the Center for Jewish History.
According to Jim Leach, Chairman of the NEH, "The NEH grants awarded will promote new areas of research and make the breadth of human experience more understandable and knowledge more accessible."
This initiative is jointly funded by the NEH and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation or DFG), the German government's funding mechanism for the humanities. The project will digitize 1,000 books from the Wissenschaft des Judentums (Science of Judaism) movement that are housed in the LBI collection at the Center and combine them with related volumes at Frankfurt University, whose extensive holdings amounted to the largest Judaica library in Europe before the Holocaust. This $300,000 project will begin in September and will take approximately 2 years to complete.
BY DAN KLEIN
This article originally appeared on the JTA website
One night back in 1985, businessman Bruce Slovin was walking home from a corporate board meeting with a lawyer named Joe Greenberger when Greenberger asked him about his involvement in the Jewish world.
Slovin responded that he wasn’t at all active, so Greenberger invited him to attend the next board meeting of YIVO, the research institute in New York on East European Jewry and Yiddish.
Slovin, who had recently lost his grandfather and father, attended the meeting and found himself spellbound.
“There was sitting my grandfather and father, who had just died -- another Shlomo and a Yaakov,” he said, invoking his father and grandfather’s names.
“They were smoking with cigarettes like this” -- he said, making an overhand gesture with his own Parliament cigarette. “They would drink schnapps after they had the board meeting. They were great storytellers. My father and grandfather were alive again.”
The flash of nostalgia set Slovin, a Brooklyn native, on a course that led to his joining the board of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research and ultimately becoming the founding chairman of the Center for Jewish History in New York.
The center is a partnership of five historical organizations: the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, the Yeshiva University Museum and YIVO. It features the largest repository of Jewish historical artifacts in the Diaspora, with an impressive building near New York's Union Square that contains 100 million artifacts and documents, and a library with half a million volumes.
More than 250 people gathered May 10 at a dinner to fete Slovin, 75, as he steps down as the center’s chairman.
The gala, held on the occasion of the center’s 10th anniversary, served as an opportunity to recognize the New Yorker’s lead role in the long, bumpy road to creating the center and putting it on sound financial footing.
An event that raised $1.2 million for the center also featured the unveiling of a stone plaque engraved with Slovin’s profile that will hang in its lobby.
“There would be no Center for Jewish History without Bruce Slovin,” Michael Glickman, the center’s chief operating officer, told JTA.
After attending that first board meeting in 1985, Slovin was shocked to discover that the documents in the YIVO archives were not well preserved.
“I saw these records degrading. There was no proper humidification, the warehouses were a mess,” he said. “We were broke all the time; that’s all we could afford.”
Slovin, then the president of MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings and of the Revlon Group, was soon installed as YIVO chairman. He began to push the often-resistant board to sell the building and move to a lower-priced area.
Greenberger, however, was thinking bigger: He suggested bringing in other Jewish organizations.
The idea for the Center for Jewish History was born.
Between 1994 and 2000, when the center opened to the public, Slovin had raised $67 million using strategies that many at the gala joked were “unique.”
“He came to my office and asked me for money,” Simon Ziff, whose name now adorns the center’s Ackman & Ziff Family Genealogical Institute, told JTA at the gala. “I’m not a big giver, but Bruce is tireless.”
“I was astounded by the amount of time he put into this venture,” added Ted Mirvis, co-chair of the board of trustees for Yeshiva University Museum and secretary of the center’s board of directors, at the gala.
Slovin, who received a bachelor's degree in economics from Cornell University and a law degree from Harvard, had honed his ability to raise money as a child. He was so adept that eventually he was banned from a fundraising competition for planting trees in British Mandate Palestine because he won so often.
Despite his prowess, the center faced consistent financial difficulties. In 2007 there was controversy over a proposed takeover by New York University of the financially troubled center. More recently, the Forward reported that Slovin was asked to step down from the YIVO board amid a string of painful layoffs.
Slovin described the story as untrue and “dead wrong.”
The center also faced accusations of mismanagement and detractors who questioned its very raison d’etre.
Among the critics was Jonathan Sarna, the Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History at Brandeis University and a prominent historian of American Judaism. Sarna repeatedly called for the center to be dissolved into its constituent parts.
But Sarna, among others, reconsidered his position with the announcement in January that the center had raised more than $30 million in 15 months from 22 donors -- allowing it to wipe out its debts for the first time.
In February, Sarna called the center one of the most important Jewish archives in the world.
“Now that it’s financially viable,” he said, “it’s perfectly clear that it has found a place.”
Slovin points to the academic’s endorsement as a benchmark for the center.
It is this relative peace from debtors and critics that has allowed “everyone to relax a little bit,” he said, and made him comfortable with stepping down as chairman.
The chair will pass to William Ackman and Joseph Steinberg, who together led the recent capital campaign and were its largest donors.
While he will remain on the center’s board and as YIVO’s chairman, Slovin plans to focus on his business, the real estate and financial holdings company 1 Eleven Associates, as well as bringing in more scholars to the center and writing its history.
“Bruce doesn’t claim to be a scholar,” Mirvis said, “but he understands the needs of scholars.”
Hearing this, Slovin smiles wryly.
“I’m just smart enough to understand the need to have a history,” he said. “As a people as valuable to human kind as the Jewish people are, it seemed dead wrong not to have as much of history as we can save -- and we have tons more work to do.”
The Center for Jewish History Board of Directors has unanimously elected William A. Ackman and Joseph S. Steinberg as Co-Chairmen of the Board and Amy P. Goldman as Vice Chairman. The new leadership begins its tenure at an exciting time in the Center’s history. Having successfully completed a one-year capital campaign that raised $30,000,000 to pay off its mortgage, the Center celebrated its 10th anniversary as a now debt-free institution. The Center is recognized as one of the foremost Jewish research and cultural institutions in the world, having served over 1 million people in more than 100 countries.
The Center for Jewish History Board of Directors formally recognized and honored Bruce Slovin, Founder and Chairman Emeritus, who envisioned and created the Center as a communal home to five partner organizations: American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS); American Sephardi Federation (ASF); Leo Baeck Institute (LBI); Yeshiva University Museum (YUM); YIVO Institute for Jewish Research (YIVO). Mr. Slovin’s vision and dedication have molded the Center into a formidable institution: a place where the history of the Jewish people comes alive through scholarship and cultural programming, exhibitions and symposia, lectures and performances. On behalf of the tens of thousands of people who have participated in the creation of the Center over the past 10 years—as funders, researchers, scholars, lay leaders and members of the general public—we show our profound appreciation for Mr. Slovin’s passion, determination and invaluable leadership. The Center’s success and growth are a tribute to his legacy.
As it enters a new decade, the Center continues to provide access to its five partners’ collections, spanning over 600 years of Jewish history, through the centralized online public access catalog and serves as the preeminent repository of the modern Jewish experience.
The Center for Jewish History, the nation’s leading repository of Jewish history and experience, announces two fellowship offerings made possible by grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and the Vivian G. Prins Foundation.
Jay R. Berkovitz, Professor of Judaic and Near Eastern Studies at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, was selected to receive the inaugural NEH Senior Scholar Fellowship at the Center for Jewish History for the 2011/2012 academic year, made possible through a grant by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
According to Michael S. Glickman, Center for Jewish History, COO, "This inaugural NEH fellowship will go a long way toward supporting our mission and expanding our profile in the academic community. The selection of Jay Berkovitz through this award puts a capstone on the Center's work, raising the level of supported scholarship to new heights, and positioning the Center as a unique research institution in the scholarly world."
Mr. Berkovitz's expertise is in Jewish history and law, and he specializes in early modern Jewry with an emphasis on Jewish jurisprudence, ritual, and communal governance. His recent publications include Rites and Passages: The Beginnings of Modern Jewish Culture in France, 1650-1860 (2004); Tradition and Revolution in Early Modern France [Hebrew](2007); and a forthcoming book on seventeenth-century rabbinic authority Ya'ir Hayyim Bacharach. He is Co-editor of Jewish History.
He will spend a year in residence at the Center, where he will investigate Jewish life in the 18th century from a thoroughly new perspective. His research project, "Protocols of Justice: Family, Community and Law in Early Modern France," is based on the records of the Metz rabbinic court during the years 1771-89. The Metz court register has never before undergone scholarly examination. Brimming with details of inheritance disputes, commercial transactions, the changing status of women, and recourse to French courts, the 1200 cases that came before the rabbinic tribunal challenge the idea of an insular Jewish legal system. The project will explore how members of this vibrant community navigated the powerful winds of change in the two decades preceding the French Revolution.
The Center also named two recipients of the Prins Fellowship, designed for foreign scholars at the beginning of their careers seeking permanent teaching and research positions in North America. They are: Jolante Mickute of Lithuania who will expand upon her doctoral dissertation "Modern, Jewish, and Female: Politics of Culture, Ethnicity, and Sexuality in Poland and Lithuania, 1918-1939," a political, cultural, and sexual history of Jewish women nationalists in interwar Eastern Europe; and Jan Lánícek of the Czech Republic, a part-time Lecturer at the University of Southampton and University of Portsmouth in England, who will research the question of minorities in inter-war Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland, analyzing Jewish/non-Jewish relations in order to better understand the changes in East-Central European policies towards the Jews.
"The Center for Jewish History actively works to foster and advance scholarship, to expand the reach of the rich collections of its partners and to impact the wide world of Jewish studies scholarship. Working with an elite group of academic advisors, the Center continues to expand its offerings to further engage the public in its work," continues Mr. Glickman.
By SAM DOLNICK
This article originally appeared in the New York Times Online Edition
In 1932, as the Nazis rose to power in Germany, a Jewish librarian in Frankfurt published a catalog of 15,000 books he had painstakingly collected for decades.
It listed the key texts of a groundbreaking field called the Science of Judaism, in which scholars analyzed the religion’s philosophy and culture as they would study those of ancient Greece or Rome. The school of thought became the foundation for modern Jewish studies around the world.
In the tumult of war, great chunks of the collection vanished. Now, librarians an ocean away have determined that most of the missing titles have been sitting for years on the crowded shelves of the Leo Baeck Institute, a Manhattan center dedicated to preserving German Jewish culture.
The story of how the hundreds of tattered, cloth-bound books with esoteric German titles ended up in New York includes impossible escapes, careful scholarship and some very heavy suitcases. And while the exact trails of many of the volumes remain murky, they wind through book-lined apartments on the Upper West Side, across a 97-year-old woman’s cluttered coffee table and into a library’s cavernous stacks.
For Jewish scholars, the collection of Science of Judaism texts (in German, Wissenschaft des Judentums) is a touchstone marking the emergence of Jewish tradition as a philosophy and culture worthy of academic study.
"We're all heirs to the legacy of Wissenschaft," said Jonathan D. Sarna, a professor of American Jewish history at Brandeis University.
The University Library Frankfurt still houses the bulk of the collection, but experts there have determined over several decades that they were missing some 2,000 books listed in the 1932 catalog. In the last two years, a team led by Renate Evers, head librarian at the Leo Baeck Institute, found that her shelves had more than 1,000 of the lost titles.
While scholars say the books in New York are probably not the same copies as those lost from the Frankfurt library, their rediscovery offers the chance to rebuild what one professor called "a legendary collection." Frankfurt librarians are putting the collection online, while the Center for Jewish History, the institute's parent organization, is seeking a grant to do the same.
"This is very exciting," said Rachel Heuberger, head of the library's Judaica division. "You can reconstruct a collection that otherwise never would have come to life again."
Scholars say the books were most likely brought to New York from Europe by private collectors and antiquities dealers. In the past 50 years, donors, nearly all of them German Jews who immigrated and prospered here, gave them to the Leo Baeck Institute.
The donors, photographed in their cinched ties and sober suits, represent a generation of scholarly New York immigrants that is nearly gone. They escaped the Nazis, built new lives and created a sophisticated community that centered on books, culture and learning. Their ranks included the political philosopher Hannah Arendt and Dr. Ruth Westheimer.
Many came to this country hauling suitcases filled with books, and as they settled here, they created academic journals and scholarly institutes. They debated politics during formal dinners in Washington Heights parlors. They took typewriters along on vacation so they could keep working.
Herbert A. Strauss, who came to New York with his wife in 1946, owned one of the lost books, an 1843 volume by Ludwig Philippson. Where he got it, his widow, Lotte, has no idea. A historian and a professor, he was always coming home to their Upper Manhattan apartment with his arms full of new tomes.
"He was not only married to me," Mrs. Strauss said. "He was also married to his desk."
When he died in 2005, she donated 4,500 of his books to the Leo Baeck Institute.
The couple had met in Germany, and escaped together to Switzerland just steps ahead of the Gestapo. They recounted their ordeals in separate memoirs published in 1999.
Mrs. Strauss, 97, a great-grandmother, recalled meeting her husband. "I was fascinated by him," she said. "He was good-looking and he had new ideas."
On a recent afternoon in her sun-drenched apartment, Mrs. Strauss pulled out her husband's brittle papers. There were Nazi-era ration cards decorated with swastikas - red for bread, blue for meat. There was a lifeguard certificate from Berlin that showed a young man, sleeves rolled up past his elbows, smiling at something off-camera.
Did he carry books with him when he came to New York?
Mrs. Strauss laughed. "We came here poor as church mice," she said. "You went as you were; you didn't carry a thing." She was eight months pregnant and had one dress to her name. Mr. Strauss built his library, and their life, in New York.
Ludwig Schwarzschild, a dermatologist, brought his library with him when he came to the United States in 1934. Although his practice north of Frankfurt was shuttered by the authorities, he, his wife and their two young children were able to take most of their possessions out of Germany, said their daughter, Lore Singerman, of Annapolis, Md.
Mrs. Singerman, 78, remembered a Manhattan childhood of heavy European furniture and crowded bookcases. Reading was highly prized - prayer books, The Saturday Evening Post, National Geographic.
Her father owned one of the lost Wissenschaft volumes, an 1888 edition of a Hermann Cohen book. His family donated it to the institute in 1970, the year he died. Mrs. Singerman does not know where her father got the book, but said, "If it was in German, he probably brought it with him - he didn't buy German books here."
Fred W. Lessing, another German Jewish donor, built such a vast book collection at his home in Scarsdale, N.Y., that he ordered catalog cards from the Library of Congress to keep track of it all. He was chief executive of a Yonkers metal company, but his passion was his library and discussions with professors and writers.
Mr. Lessing scoured auction catalogs for treasures, with a special focus on the history of the Enlightenment. His children knew enough not to touch his "good books," said his daughter Joan Lessing. "His library was part of our lives," she said. "Books were in every room."
Mr. Lessing gave the institute an early-20th-century edition of a volume by Adolf Eckstein, but his daughter did not know where he had gotten it.
Even the Frankfurt librarian who cataloged the entire collection, Aron Freimann, came to New York. After arriving in 1939, he went on to work at the New York Public Library.
Today, his granddaughter, Ruth Dresner, lives in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. She keeps her grandfather's catalog on her shelf - she calls it his "magnum opus" - and plans to leave it to her children.
"I'm 80 years old, and I'm very devoted and dedicated to perpetuating tradition," she said. "I am very proud."
DIVERSE, RARELY SEEN, ONE OF A KIND, HISTORIC IMPORTANT TREASURES ILLUMINATE ASPECTS OF MODERN JEWISH HISTORY
It’s been ten years since the Center for Jewish History opened its doors in New York City as the largest repository of Jewish history and experience, outside of the State of Israel. By bringing together five distinct and independent Jewish institutions under one roof, the Center was created to preserve, protect and present the treasured collections of its partner institutions totaling more than 500,000 books and 100 million documents that include pieces of art, textiles, ritual objects, as well as music, films and photographs. In honor of the Center’s 10th Anniversary year, an exhibition entitled Zero to 10 provides the public with a first-look at the treasures housed at the Center from each of its five partners: the American Jewish Historical Society, the American Sephardi Federation, the Leo Baeck Institute, the Yeshiva University Museum, and the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research.
Among some of the treasures on display include:
Visually arresting and conceptually sweeping, Zero to 10 has a three-fold mission: to enable the viewer a better appreciation of how crucial decades and past centuries impacted Jewish life, to understand how multiple changing forces shaped Jewish history, and to explore the continuing heritage of Jewish belief and experience.
In his introduction to Zero to 10, Steven J. Zipperstein, the Daniel E. Koshland Professor in Jewish Culture and History at Stanford University and member of the Center’s Academic Advisory Council, writes, "No culture saves everything. Time passes, timber burns, stone is eroded, documents are misplaced, and memories become distorted and rendered unidentifiable. All the more so for a people without a central political or religious authority; for a peripatetic people, like the Jews, without vaults that held treasures for millennia or longstanding archives. Who was there to gather the remnants of the past, to determine what must not be lost?"
"This process of gathering the shards of the past began late for Jews. It started mostly sporadically, as often as not, on the initiative of one or another individual, with documents ferreted out of synagogue attics or the bookshelves of ancient buildings and saved, perhaps, in a drawer or two of someone’s house, eventually with collections becoming so voluminous that they required a room or two, and then institutional backing for their care."
Each work from the striking array of art, artifacts, manuscripts, ritual objects and textiles illuminates an aspect of Jewish history and experience across a sweep of continents. "This exhibition," Zipperstein continues, "shows, side by side, the widest array of the collections housed at the Center for Jewish History from written texts, to art, to ritual objects and even personal ephemera from ages gone by. This is history, our history, arrayed over space and time, and presented as a triumphant exploration of the first ten years of the Center for Jewish History."
Zero to 10 is unlike any other exhibition as Gabriel Goldstein, Exhibition Curator and Associate Director for Exhibitions and Programs at Yeshiva University Museum explains, “This past decade has brought about great changes in human experience, with unprecedented technological innovation, alongside economic, religious, political and environmental upheaval. Against the backdrop of this revolution, the institutions at the Center for Jewish History have been able to provide access to their collections in ways that were almost unimaginable only a decade ago. Zero to 10 provides a window into the fascinating holdings of the partner institutions, and allows us to examine primary evidence, the building blocks of our understanding of the past."
"In its first decade, the Center for Jewish History has become a destination for visitors from around the world and one of the world's most important venues for research, academic conferences, exhibitions, and cultural events," says Michael S. Glickman, CJH Chief Operating Officer. "Our goal for the future is to continue to expand the Center’s resources and reach, making it a focal point and a magnet for research, education, discussion, and artistic creation that informs and inspires the public in all aspects of the Jewish experience and identity."
The Center for Jewish History, the nation's leading repository of Jewish history and experience, names its candidates for its inaugural Joseph S. Steinberg Emerging Jewish Filmmaker Fellowships for the 2011 academic year. The candidates include: Rebecca Kahn Bloch and Emily Kennedy of Oberlin College for their joint project entitled: Radical Judaism in a Radical Campus: The Emergence of a New Jewish Community at Oberlin College, exploring the history of Jewish activity on American college campuses. This project will make extensive use of the American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) collection covering Jewish Student Organizations on American campuses from 1907 through 2006. Marianna Yaroslavka of University of Southern California is selected for her project entitled: Survival in Eastern Siberia: The Other Jewish Side, exploring a little-known area of Siberia, where a once thriving Yiddish community now struggles with its re-birth and survival. This project will make extensive use of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research and AJHS collections, housed at the Center.
"This initiative supports the use of our partners' collections through film and most importantly helps students with the costs associated with researching their work. The goal of these documentaries is to shed light on aspects of Jewish life that might otherwise be forgotten," says Michael S. Glickman, Center for Jewish History COO. "We are grateful to the Steinberg family for their vision in supporting filmmakers who are working within the vast archival collections at the Center."
n addition to the research conducted at the Center, the fellowship recipients will present their finished works in a public forum. Fellows are required to conduct on-site research for their respective filmmaking projects at the Center. Each award carries a financial stipend of $2500. Applications for the 2012 academic year will be available in May 2011.
For further information regarding the Center for Jewish History and how to apply, click here.

Welcome! Below you will find links to files relating to the upcoming reading at the Center for Jewish History, sponsored in collaboration with the Centro Culturale Primo Levi. To view the documents, just click on the links below. To save the pdf file to your computer's hard drive, either right click on the link and scroll down to "save target as" for pc users; or just click on the link and once the file opens, save a copy.
More About the Italian Genizah Press Release for Cities of Art, Treasures of History
Michael Glickman
Director of Public Affairs
Center for Jewish History
Phone: 212-294-8303
Welcome! Below you will find links to files relating to the upcoming reading at the Center for Jewish History, sponsored in collaboration with the Centro Culturale Primo Levi. To view the documents, just click on the links below. To save the pdf file to your computer's hard drive, either right click on the link and scroll down to "save target as" for pc users; or just click on the link and once the file opens, save a copy.
          
Press Release for I Can Cry

Welcome! Below you will find links to files relating to the upcoming reading at the Center for Jewish History, sponsored in collaboration with LBI. To view pdf documents, just click on the links below. To save the pdf file to your computer's hard drive, either right click on the link and scroll down to "save target as" for pc users; or just click on the link and once the file opens, save a copy.
A Theatrical Evening on Karl Kraus. Bio of Karl Kraus Press Release for Karl Kraus: The Last Days of Mankind
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